Vol. 13, Issue 6 (2025)
Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of biological activities of Piper retrofractum Vahl.
Author(s): Sarath Ramesan VV and Megha PR
Abstract: Piper retrofractum Vahl. Popularly known as “Javanese long pepper” belonging to the family of Piperaceae. It possesses notable medicinal properties attributed to its bioactive compounds, such as piperine and essential oils. It has also been used to treat respiratory issues like coughs and bronchitis, as well as gastrointestinal disorders. The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the phytochemical composition and biological activities of Piper retrofractum Vahl. Preliminary phytochemical screening of various solvent extracts from the fruit revealed the presence of key secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Quantitative phytochemical analysis indicated that the ethyl acetate extract contained the highest concentration of bioactive compounds. So it was selected for further biological investigations. The antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate extract was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Results showed notable free radical scavenging activity (IC50: 432.9µg/mL) and moderate reducing power (IC50: 1150.5 µg/mL), confirming its antioxidant capacity. Antibacterial efficacy was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), with the zone of inhibition increasing proportionally with extract concentration. At a concentration of 600?mg/mL, Escherichia coli exhibited the highest susceptibility, with a zone of inhibition measuring 16?mm, followed closely by Staphylococcus aureus, which showed a 13?mm zone of inhibition. Anti-inflammatory activity, evaluated through protein denaturation inhibition, demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect with an IC?? value of 20.01?µg/mL. Additionally, significant antidiabetic activity was observed via alpha-amylase inhibition assays. The findings underscore the therapeutic potential of Piper retrofractum, supporting its traditional use in Ayurvedic medicine and highlighting its promise as a source of natural bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical applications.
DOI: 10.22271/chemi.2025.v13.i6a.12614
Pages: 21-31 | 427 Views 264 Downloads
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How to cite this article:
Sarath Ramesan VV, Megha PR. Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of biological activities of Piper retrofractum Vahl.. Int J Chem Stud 2025;13(6):21-31. DOI: 10.22271/chemi.2025.v13.i6a.12614
