Vol. 11, Issue 5 (2023)

Due to their various features and versatile applications triazole derivatives are important in chemistry, synthesis, and therapeutic applications. This family of chemicals has garnered interest in recent decades due to its unusual chemical structures and active biological properties. Triazoles are five-membered heterocyclic compounds with three nitrogen and two carbon atoms in their rings. Most prevalent are 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles, which have different chemical characteristics and reactivity. The triazole ring's electron-rich nature and heteroatoms make it a flexible scaffold for chemical reactions. Researchers have intensively studied triazole chemistry for novel medications, catalysts, and materials.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and coordination polymers for gas storage, catalysis, and drug delivery use the triazole ring's capacity to form coordination complexes with metal ions. Triazole derivatives are vital for drug discovery and materials research because click chemistry, a powerful and selective chemical reaction, requires 1,2,3-triazoles. Organic chemistry research focuses on triazole derivative synthesis. One of the most famous triazole synthesis techniques is the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, or "click chemistry." Azides and alkynes react with a copper catalyst to form 1,2,3-triazoles. The efficiency, yield, and selectivity of click chemistry have revolutionized drug discovery and materials research. Triazole derivatives' structural variety has increased due to new synthesis methods. Researchers have studied multicomponent reactions like Passerini and Ugi to synthesize complicated triazole-based molecules. These synthetic methods have enabled the development of new medication candidates, fluorescence probes, and customized materials. Triazole derivatives are used in antifungal, anticancer, and illness treatments. Antifungal triazoles like fluconazole and itraconazole disrupt the ergosterol production pathway, which is essential to fungal cell membranes. These medications have transformed candidiasis and aspergillosis therapy.

Triazole derivatives suppress tumor development enzymes, making them attractive anticancer medicines. Voriconazole and posaconazole may treat leukaemia and other cancers. Targeted treatments using triazole-based small molecules as kinase inhibitors have also enhanced cancer treatment. Triazoles are crucial to treating different medical disorders. Imidazole-containing triazole derivatives are antivirals, whereas triazole-based ligands are diagnostic imaging radiopharmaceuticals. Triazoles are also used in neurological disease studies for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's treatments.

Overall, triazole derivatives are versatile molecules having important chemistry, synthetic, and therapeutic uses. Their unusual chemical features help researchers in many domains. Triazole derivative synthesis evolves, allowing the production of novel molecules with varied uses. These chemicals have helped cure fungal infections, cancer, and other disorders in clinical settings, indicating their importance in modern medicine and pharmaceutical research. Future triazole chemistry and synthesis efforts might benefit science and medicine.