Vol. 7, Issue 1 (2019)
Effect of soil compaction and irrigation schedules on growth and development of wheat with different dates of sowing
Author(s): DC Kala, HS Kushwaha, Maneesh Bhatt and Renu Joshi
Abstract: Wheat is an important crop for India and Uttarakhand which is sown during November-December and is harvested in April. Area, production, and productivity of wheat were 3.79 lakh- ha, 8.78 lakh metric tonnes, and 23.16 q ha-1, respectively, in Uttarakhand (during 2015-16) which is even lower than the average productivity of wheat in India. Lower productivity of wheat in Indian and Uttarakhand context is due to temperature and soil moisture stress. Light texture soils (viz. sandy loam) having excessive permeability mainly because of their coarse texture, looseness and poor organic matter content, compaction has desirable effects on soil physical conditions. Moisture retention capacities of these soils are very low and more than one third of applied or rain water gets lost by deep percolation. In present investigation different irrigation schedules, compaction levels and sowing dates treatments were studied to find out their best suited levels and their interactions with the growth and development of wheat crop that majorly determines the yield of wheat crop. The field experiments were conducted in a sandy loam soil with wheat cv. UP-2565 under three compaction levels (C) viz. no compaction (C1), 2 passes of 500 kg RCC roller (C2) and 4 passes of roller (C3) ; three irrigation schedules (I) viz. irrigation at 30 % depletion from available soil moisture (ASM)- I1, irrigation at 40 % depletion from ASM- I2 and irrigation at 50 % depletion from ASM- I3 at three dates of sowing (D) viz. 5 Nov. (D1), 20 Nov (D2) and 5 Dec (D3) with three replications during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16. The maximum plant height (cm) was obtained at 100 DAS with D1 (109.92 and 114.38 cm), C2 (105.89 and 110.04 cm) and I1 (104.55 and 108.58 cm during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively). The maximum LAI was observed at 80 DAS with D1 (3.89 and 4.02), C2 (3.57 and 3.59 during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively) and I1 (3.46) was found to be higher over the LAI with other irrigation schedules during 2014-15 and 2015-16. The maximum root length density (cm cm-3 of soil) was observed at 0-15 cm soil depth under D1 (1.27 and 1.13 cm cm-3 of soil) and C2 (1.18 and 1.03 cm cm-3 of soil), respectively. RLD at 0-15 cm soil depth was higher with I1 (1.16 and 1.0 cm cm-3of soil during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively). Days to seedling emergence was highest with D3 (7.92 and 8.11), C3 (7.60 and 7.69, during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively) and I2 (6.53) and I1 (6.72) during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively. Days to anthesis were significantly more with D1 (91.49 and 81.94), C3 (90.12 and 76.16) and I1 (87.96 and 79.17 during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively). Days taken to physiological maturity was highest in D1 (135.39 and 125.45), C3 (131.85 and 120.19) and I1 (129.37 and 119.00 during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively).
Pages: 120-126 | 645 Views 69 Downloads
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How to cite this article:
DC Kala, HS Kushwaha, Maneesh Bhatt, Renu Joshi. Effect of soil compaction and irrigation schedules on growth and development of wheat with different dates of sowing. Int J Chem Stud 2019;7(1):120-126.
